It is all too common for products, such as consumer appliances, information systems, mobile apps, and websites, to cause trouble and frustration. For example, products are often difficult or dull to use, make tasks less flexible or more tedious, shift attention away from important or gratifying activities, and simply fail to deliver expected benefits or experiences. By identifying such trouble and frustration in the lab prior to widespread use, usability tests have proven a valuable method for informing redesign efforts. A usability test consists of having test users exercise a product and think aloud about their experience using it, while an evaluator observes the users and listens in on their thoughts. On this basis, the evaluator identifies usability problems and assesses the user experience. This book describes how to conduct usability tests. After providing context about concepts and testing, the main chapters of the book cover the steps involved in preparing for a usability test, executing the test sessions, and analyzing the test data. Throughout the chapters, concrete guidance is balanced against more complex issues with an impact on the robustness, validity, completeness, impact, and cost of a usability test. The book concludes with an outlook to variations of usability testing and alternatives to it.

Morten Hertzum, University of Copenhagen
Morten Hertzum is a Professor of Information Science in the Department of Communication at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He has a Ph.D. in Computer Science and has previously held positions at Roskilde University, University of Strathclyde, Riso National Laboratory, and University of Limerick. Hertzum has published extensively about usability and user experience, especially about methods for their evaluation. He is also co-editor of the book Situated Design Methods (MIT Press, 2014). His research interests include human-computer interaction, computer supported cooperative work, information seeking, and healthcare informatics.

Introduction
Usability and User Experience
Testing: Maxims and Modifications
Usabillity Testing: Step by Step
Preparations: Designing and Planning the Test
Execution: Running the Test Sessuibs : Analysis: Anayzing the Data and Reporting the Findings
Variations and Alternatives
References
Author Biography